tough

英[tʌf] 美[tʌf]
  • adj. 艰苦的,困难的;坚强的,不屈不挠的;坚韧的,牢固的;强壮的,结实的
  • n. 恶棍
  • vt. 坚持;忍受,忍耐
  • adv. 强硬地,顽强地
  • n. (Tough)人名;(英)图赫

词态变化


复数: toughs;副词: toughly;名词: toughness;

助记提示


1. “他服” => 我非常坚强、顽强、强壮,让他很服气、很佩服。
2. 他服了,我实在是太顽强了,他彻底服气了。

中文词源


tough 坚硬的,坚强的,艰难的,艰苦的

来自古英语 toh,结实的,坚硬的,来自 Proto-Germanic*tanhuz,结实的,坚硬的,来自 PIE*denk, 咬,词源同 tongs,tang.拼写受 rough,enough 等影响。引申诸相关词义。词义的多样化演变比 较 hardy.

英文词源


tough (adj.)
Old English toh "strong and firm in texture, tenacious, sticky," from Proto-Germanic *tanhu- (cognates: Middle Low German tege, Middle Dutch taey, Dutch taai, Old High German zach, German zäh), which Watkins suggests is from PIE *denk- "to bite," from the notion of "holding fast." See rough for spelling change.

From c. 1200 as "strong, powerful;" c. 1300 as "not tender or fragile;" early 14c. as "difficult to chew," also "hard to endure." Figurative sense of "steadfast" is mid-14c.; that of "hard to do, trying, laborious" is from 1610s. Verb tough it "endure the experience" is first recorded 1830, American English. Tough guy attested from 1901. Tough-minded first recorded 1907 in William James. Tough luck first recorded 1912; tough shit, dismissive retort to a complaint, is from 1946.
tough (n.)
"street ruffian," 1866, American English, from tough (adj.).

双语例句


1. We'll face a tough fight in the upcoming election.
在即将到来的选举中,我们将面临一场恶斗。

来自柯林斯例句

2. The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.
牛排老得嚼不动,豌豆像子弹一样硬。

来自柯林斯例句

3. They believe that a tough, materially poor childhood is character-building.
他们认为一个艰难贫困的童年有助于性格的培养。

来自柯林斯例句

4. I think it was very brave of him to tough it out.
我认为他坚持到底非常勇敢。

来自柯林斯例句

5. She is tough, unwilling to take no for an answer.
她很强硬,不达目的誓不罢休。

来自柯林斯例句